Hall switches, are switches made according to the Hall effect. Therefore, before figuring out what a Hall switch is, we must first understand the principle of the Hall effect. The Hall effect was discovered by the American physicist Hall in 1879 when he was studying the conductive mechanism of metals. In short, if a controlled current flows through the ends of a metal or semiconductor sheet and a magnetic field with a fixed magnetic induction strength is applied in the perpendicular direction of the sheet, an electromotive force field will be generated perpendicular to the current and magnetic field in that direction. That is the Hall voltage. As long as we control the current magnitude or magnetic field strength in the direction of the fixed current and magnetic field, we can measure another quantity based on the Hall voltage generated accordingly.

Hall switches are magneto-electric converters of active components. Based on the Hall effect principle, it is used in production processes for integrated packaging and assembly. It can easily convert magnetic signals into electrical signals. In practice, the detection of magnetic fields (magnetic fields) using Hall switches is very simple. Hall switches are connected to probes of various sizes and the Hall device measured in the field is only perpendicular to the magnetic induction strength of the sensitive Hall plate surface. Therefore, it is necessary to make the force of the electromagnetic line perpendicular to the surface and the device can output an output voltage of that output voltage and can measure the magnetic induction strength of the obtained magnetic field. If it is not perpendicular, the perpendicular component should be calculated to compute the magnetic induction of the measured magnetic field. Furthermore, due to the small size of the Hall unit, multi-point detection can be performed, data processing can be performed by a computer, the state of the electric field distribution can be obtained, and the magnetic field can be obtained in a small hole.

When the magnetic object moves close to the Hall switch, the Hall element on the detection surface of the switch due to the Hall effect makes the switch's internal circuit state change, thus recognizing the presence of magnetic objects nearby, and then controlling the switch on or off. The detection object of this proximity switch must be magnetic.
When close to the magnetic object, the switch for a fixed state (or high level or low level); away from the magnetic material, the switch for a different kind of fixed state (or low level or high and low level); switch sensitivity depends on the grade of the switch itself and the use of the power supply voltage and the magnetism of the magnet. The sensitivity curve can be made by changing the supply voltage, the distance to the magnet, and the magnet's magnetism.
Switch output type: when close to the magnetic object, the switch is in a fixed state (or high or low level); when far away from the magnetic material, the switch is in another fixed state (or low or high or low level). The sensitivity of the switch depends on the rating of the switch itself, the supply voltage, and the magnetic properties of the magnet. The sensitivity curve can be plotted by varying the supply voltage, the distance from the magnet, and the magnetism of the magnet. Hall switches for CNC machine tool columns are of the switching output type.

Linear Output Type: The sensor's output signal voltage varies continuously with distance from the magnetic object. The longer the distance, the lower (or higher) the output.
When a thin piece of metal or semiconductor with an electric current is placed perpendicular to a magnetic field, a potential difference is generated at both ends of the piece. This phenomenon is known as the Hall effect. The potential difference between the two ends is called the Hall potential U and is expressed as U = Kk-I-B / d. Where K is the Hall coefficient, I is the current through the sheet, B is the magnetic induction strength of the applied magnetic field and d is the thickness of the sheet.
It can be seen that the sensitivity of the Hall effect is proportional to the magnetic induction strength of the applied magnetic field. The Hall switch belongs to this type of active magneto-electric conversion device. It is made according to the Hall effect principle by integrated packaging and assembly techniques. For practical applications, it can easily convert magnetic input signals into electrical energy. For practical industrial applications, it also has the requirement of easy operation and reliability. The above is a detailed analysis of the knowledge related to the Hall switch.